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LEVELS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND BOLOGNA PROCESS
RUSSIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
The Russian educational system, as it had been noted many times by major international experts, is one of the most developed and advanced educational systems in the world. In the context of a changing society the educational system proved to be capable, on the other hand, of adapting to rapid transformations of new realities (while presenting its well-known strong qualities) and on the other hand, to the phase of prolonged evolutionary reformation. Higher education is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, which is responsible for the accreditation and licensing of higher education establishments, and for developing and maintaining State Educational Standards. Only accredited higher education establishments have the right to issue state diplomas and degrees ensuring full vocational and academic rights, and are covered by international agreements on mutual recognition and validation of educational documents. Only accredited higher education establishments have the right to use the seal with the national emblem of the Russian Federation.
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HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS
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HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS
The Russian Federation discerns the following types of higher education establishments:
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University is a higher education institution with activities aimed at developing education, science and culture by performing fundamental scientific research and training at the levels of higher, post-higher and further education within a wide range of Natural Sciences, Humanities and other directions of science, technology and culture.
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Academy is a higher education institution aimed at developing education, science and culture by performing fundamental scientific research and training at all the levels of higher, post-higher and further education, mainly in one specific area of science, technology and culture.
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Institute is an independent higher education institution or a part (structural unit) of the University, and academy that applies vocational educational curricula in specific areas of science, technology, culture and is involved in scientific research. |
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ACADEMIC YEAR & EXAMS
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ACADEMIC YEAR & EXAMS
Academic year starts on the first of September and ends at the end of spring semester. Semester is a study period of 16 weeks in autumn term and a study period of 15-16 weeks in spring. Each semester ends with one assessment week during which students take course tests and present assignment work and defend course projects. Exam session: two or three week period is set aside each semester for examinations and completion of final assessments. |
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SYSTEM OF EVALUATION
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SYSTEM OF EVALUATION
The present system of evaluation of students in Russia has four grades:
„2“ - „unsatisfactory“
„3“ - „satisfactory“
„4“ - „good“
„5“ - „excellent“ |
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LEVELS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
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LEVELS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
There are three levels of higher education in Russia:
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BASIC HIGHER EDUCATION (Bachelor’s degree) lasts for 4 years.
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POSTGRADUATE HIGHER EDUCATION. After graduating from Bachelor’s degree programme students are admitted to Master degree programmers’ (2 years).
We still have SPECIALIST'S higher educational programs lasting for 5 years.
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Research degrees: Kandidat Nauk degree (the first level, equivalent to Ph.D.) and Doktor Nauk degree (the second, highest level, equivalent to German Habilitand). |
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BOLOGNA PROCESS IN RUSSIA
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BOLOGNA PROCESS IN RUSSIA
Bologna process is establishing of the European Higher Education Area. The main objectives of the Bologna declaration are to increase the mobility and employability of European higher education graduates thus ensuring competitiveness of European higher education in the world scale. The Russian Federation joined Bologna process in 2003.
Action lines defined in the Bologna declaration:
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Adaptation of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees
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Adaptation of educational system essentially based on two main cycles (Bachelor and Master degrees)
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Establishment of a credit system (ECTS)
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Promotion of mobility for students, academic and administrative staff
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Promotion of European cooperation in quality assurance
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Promotion of European dimension in Higher education
Russian integration into Bologna can promote the acknowledgment of Russian diplomas and help Russian universities and specialists to achieve equal status worldwide. The integration of Russia into the European system of higher education can be regarded as a way of reforming Russian national educational system provided that its fundamental values and advantages are preserved.
Since 2011 it is planned to transfer the Russian system of higher education to a two-cycle system with 4-years bachelor and 2-years master degree programs. |
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